| At some point all beginning photographers
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| | I will not give a detailed explanation
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| are confronted with certain technical
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| | about aperture in this article - the
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| aspects of photography that have them
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| | simplest way to understand is this: An
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| either burning up rolls of film, or
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| | F-stop is the adjustable opening that
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| loading up memory cards! Two in
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| | controls how much light coming through
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| particular: Exposure (which will be
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| | your lens hits the film or digital
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| addressed in a different article) and
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| | sensor. The shutter speed is involved
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| Depth of Field (or DOF) leave the newly
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| | with this as well, but for now let's
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| shutterbug bitten novice shaking their
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| | stick with aperture. The F-stop also
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| head, wondering what they are doing
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| | controls the DOF of an image.Older SLR
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| wrong.When I first started taking on an
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| | camera lenses typically have the F-stop
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| informal teaching role with beginning
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| | numbers on the lens barrel. An older very
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| photographers it was interesting that the
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| | basic lens may have numbers around the
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| single most common question asked by them
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| | aperture ring like: 2.8 - 5.6 - 8 - 11 -
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| was: "How do I make the background blurry
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| | 16 - 22. These are the F-stops, or the
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| and my subject sharp?" and of course,
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| | aperture opening settings.More modern
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| "what do I need to do when I want
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| | cameras are electronic and the F-stops
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| everything in focus?"It's inevitable. If
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| | are usually seen at the bottom of the
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| you desire to take your photography to a
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| | viewfinder. Contemporary lenses usually
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| higher level of quality, you will need to
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| | have more F-stop settings available, such
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| understand what causes short and long
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| | as: 2.8 - 3.5 - 5.6 - 6.3 - 7.1 - 8 - and
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| depths of field, and especially how to
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| | so forth, possibly all the way up to
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| manipulate it to express your vision.
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| | 32.To choose the DOF you wish to use for
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| Let's get started...First - what is a
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| | a particular shot you need to understand
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| photograph with a short Depth of Field,
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| | this very basic concept: The lower the
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| and what is one with a long DOF? Quite
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| | F-stop number - such as 2.8, the shorter
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| simply, a photograph with only the
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| | your DOF will be. The higher the F-stop
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| subject in focus, and everything before
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| | number - 22, the longer the depth of
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| and behind it blurry, is a photograph
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| | field. To simplify it further - making a
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| with a short DOF. An image with
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| | photograph with F22 or higher is going to
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| everything in the foreground to the
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| | have everything in the final image in
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| background sharp and in focus has a long
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| | focus. Shooting with the aperture set at
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| DOF. With this highly sophisticated
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| | 2.8 is going to mean that only what you
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| formula I'm sure you can figure out what
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| | specifically focused on is going to
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| a medium DOF is!Why use a short DOF? When
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| | sharp.Take a moment to absorb this
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| you reach this level of being able to
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| | because this basic concept is the nuts
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| control exactly what you want in focus
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| | and bolts of creating a quality
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| (typically referred to as Selective
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| | photograph, rather than just taking a
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| Focus) in your photograph you will have
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| | picture. The very best exercise you can
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| developed a dynamic tool that will create
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| | do to practice this technique is to line
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| powerful photographs! You will see this
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| | up 3 objects - such as apples. Place them
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| used extensively in photojournalism -
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| | on a table about 2' apart lined up going
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| such as the photographer focusing on one
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| | away from you at just enough of an angle
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| particular individual in a crowd of
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| | so the first one isn't blocking the other
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| people. Creative use of this tool
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| | two. Place your camera about 3' from the
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| certainly gives sustenance to the term: A
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| | first one, and focus on the apple in the
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| picture paints a thousand words!Quite
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| | middle. Shoot several shots - each one at
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| often you will see the use of a short DOF
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| | a different f-stop, starting with the
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| in glamour portraiture. A classic example
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| | lowest number (short DOF) and changing to
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| is when you see the model's eye closest
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| | the next higher f-stop after each
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| to the lens sharply focused, and the one
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| | shot...all the way to the highest
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| furthest is blurred. It's one of the most
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| | F-stop.If your lens has an F-stop number
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| unique techniques a photographer can
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| | as low as 2.8 you will see that maybe
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| utilize to convey her or his message.What
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| | only the forward surface of the apple is
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| about a long DOF? Landscape photography
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| | in focus - everything from closest to
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| is the best example of the long Depth of
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| | furthest is gradually very blurry. With
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| Field in use. Shooting images of
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| | each shot changed to a higher F-stop
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| seemingly endless vistas would render a
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| | number you will see more of the field in
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| photograph worthless if only a small
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| | focus. By the time you get to the highest
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| portion of the 'field' was in focus.
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| | F-stop setting, virtually everything in
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| Since you want virtually everything from
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| | the photo will be sharp and focused.Most
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| closest to farthest tack sharp - you will
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| | SLR cameras have a DOF Preview Button. If
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| want to shoot with a long DOF. You can
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| | you use it while looking through the lens
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| see this utilized with incredible results
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| | at your scene - you will see what the
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| in the works of the greatest fine art
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| | final image will look like. Only problem
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| photographers such as Ansel Adams and
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| | is - the higher the F-stop number is, the
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| Edward Weston. But even when making
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| | smaller the amount of light is let in. So
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| photographs of spectacular scenes, there
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| | it can be very difficult to see because
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| will be times when your creative vision
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| | it will be very dark. After practicing
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| will want to focus attention on a tiny,
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| | with these techniques you will not bother
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| fragile flower amidst nature's grandest
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| | with the DOF preview button. You will
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| formations. Developing these techniques
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| | know how the image will be
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| will arm you with that kind of
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| | reproduced.That is the mystery of Depth
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| photographic versatility.So now that you
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| | of Field in a nutshell! Yes, there is
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| understand what DOF is, how do you make
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| | more in-depth aspects of DOF - such as
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| it work? This is where we begin to get a
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| | understanding Hyper Focal Distance, and
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| bit technical, but it's important you
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| | of course knowing that you will get
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| understand it. Since DOF will vary
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| | different DOF results with longer and
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| depending on the focal length lens you
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| | shorter focal length lenses. But
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| are using, my examples will be in regards
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| | understanding these basic DOF concepts
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| to using a normal SLR lens in the 45mm -
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| | will revolutionize your photography, and
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| 70mm range. To be able to manipulate DOF
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| | give you one more step up in photographic
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| you must be able to adjust the aperture
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| | quality.Chip Clark is a San Diego based
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| (or F-stops) on your camera. Most all SLR
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| | professional photographer, with over 20
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| cameras that are even remotely modern can
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| | years experience in landscape
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| do this by switching your mode to
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| | photography, wildlife photography, sports
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| Aperture Priority mode - or AV mode.While
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| | photography, and portraiture.
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